Cleaning and Disinfecting Your Poultry House
As spring approaches, the time is almost here to do a good cleaning and disinfecting of your poultry facilities after the long winter. This is especially true if you are considering bringing in new birds or replacing your flock, be they layers, meat birds or show birds. Decontaminating your poultry house is crucial in order to prevent Marek’s disease, mycoplasma, respiratory viruses, E.coli, mites, and other poultry health problems. Even more important is the control of Salmonella Enteritidis (SE), especially in laying hens. SE can colonize in a chicken’s intestinal tract without necessarily causing obvious disease in the chicken itself. This may lead to the organism invading other tissues and eventually finding its way into the reproductive tract and ovary, contaminating the egg itself.
Young chickens in a wood and wire coop. Photos by New Entry Sustainable Farming Project
In order to reduce SE and other health risks, a complete dry cleaning, washing and disinfection of the poultry house after each flock or at minimum once each year is recommended. Successful cleaning is hard work and requires systematic completion of several sequential steps. Every step is important. Skipping one step or doing an incomplete job at any point will make the next step harder and lead to failure.
Start by removing all birds from the building to be cleaned, along with all equipment that can be cleaned in another place, such as feeders and waterers.
Dry Cleaning
Sweep or blow dust and other loose dirt off ceilings, light fixtures, walls, cages or nest boxes, fans, air inlets etc. onto the floor. Remove all feed from feeders. Scrape manure and accumulated dust and dirt from perches and roosts. Remove all litter from the floor. Litter can be added to a compost pile. Sweep the floor to remove as much dry material as possible. With a small coop, a wet-dry shop vacuum does a good job of removing this material. However, be careful to clean the filter often as the fine dust from the coop may easily clog the filter and make the vacuum work harder or lead to burn out of the motor.
Wet Cleaning
Turn the power off to the building prior to using any water for cleaning. Wet cleaning is done in three steps: soaking, washing and rinsing. Warm or hot water will do a better job getting through organic matter than cold water. You can use a cheap neutral detergent, like dish soap.
Soaking
Soak the heavily soiled areas (perches and roosting areas, floors, etc.) thoroughly. Use a low pressure sprayer to totally soak all surfaces. Soak until the accumulated dirt and manure has softened to the point it is easily removed.
Washing
Wash every surface in the building, especially window sills, ceiling trusses, wall sills and any surface where dirt and dust may accumulate. The washing solution can be either a neutral detergent (ph between 6 and 8) or an alkaline detergent (ph above 8). Alkaline substances vary in their strength with the strongest causing burns and internal injuries if swallowed. A mild alkali is baking soda (sodium bicarbonate) and moderate alkalis include household ammonia, borax and trisodium phosphate. Strong alkalis include washing soda (sodium carbonate) and lye (caustic soda). Mix in hot water—160oF or hotter is best.
A high pressure sprayer is good for this step, but manual scrubbing with a moderately stiff brush is one of the best ways to insure a thorough cleaning. Inspect manually to be sure you have removed all of the dirt and manure from all surfaces. Make sure you carefully clean electrical parts. You may have to remove cover plates and vacuum those areas.
If you have metal surfaces with hard water scale, then you will need to use an acid detergent on those surfaces to remove the scale. Acid detergent involves acid as the major component which is used in dissolving mineral deposits (Calcium and Magnesium precipitates) or hard water deposits from equipment surfaces. Two main groups of acid detergents are: inorganic (HCL, H2SO4), and organic (Vinegar, Citric Acid).
Rinsing
A final rinse immediately after washing is recommended to remove any harmful residues and to obtain a spotless building. Mop up puddles as they can rapidly become breeding grounds for salmonellae.
Drying
Thoroughly air-dry the building if disinfection cannot immediately follow rinsing. Open all windows and ventilation openings. Use a blower or fan if available. Cleaning on a dry, sunny day helps in the drying process.
Repairs
Make any repairs to the structure prior to the final disinfection step. Seal any rodent entry holes at the outside and inside of the building. Apply a small amount of spray foam insulation into the hole, then pack in fine steel wool and top with more spray foam.
Disinfecting
This is a crucial step which the small flock owner might normally overlook. Disinfectants should be applied only after the building and equipment have been thoroughly cleaned, ideally right after rinsing. Disinfectants can be applied by sprays, aerosols or fumigation. Don’t be intimidated by the thought of “fumigating” your hen house: for most small flock facilities, using a garden type sprayer is the easiest method, and chances are you already have a suitable disinfectant around the house. The types of disinfectants generally used are phenolic compounds (e.g., Pine-sol, One Stroke, Osyl), iodine or iodophors, (e.g., Betadine and Weladol), chlorine compounds (e.g., Clorox, generic bleach), quaternary ammonium compound (e.g., Roccal D Plus) and oxidizing compounds (e.g., Virkon S, Oxy-Sept 333).
Follow the manufacturer’s directions for mixing and dilution of these disinfectants. A good rule of thumb is to apply at the rate of one gallon of diluted disinfectant per 150-200 square feet of surface area. For a more thorough disinfecting, soak waterers and feeders in a 200 ppm chlorine solution (1 tablespoon chlorine bleach per gallon of boiling water).
This is an excellent article, and I admit to missing on some of these steps. Thanks for the step by step process; it’s something I plan to tackle this weekend as selling eggs is a big part of my small farm business.
please, i did an assistance concerning my project work (assessment of post cleaning salmonella contamination in poultry. please help me if you can with some relevant materials. thanks
Hi , Do you suggest rinsing the saloon surfaces and walls with water after spraying disinfectants , before fummigation ?
I work for a Egg Company and we have a 2002 0r 2003 Diamond 8400 Series Egg Grading Machinery and we are have problems cleaning the stainless steel parts which there can be no water applied to the machine because of the electronics. Need tips on how to get the egg shells and dried egg off of the steel stars and the perch that runs in a machine that detect cracked , dirt and blood detectors if you know what i am talking about. Call me at 912-310-0906. Thanks AJP.
AJP,
ACID is the best solution and method to clean the sections such as star wheels and areas of egg protein or egg shell. An alcohol based sanitizing wipe or product is another approved method for no water zones in egg processing.
You use nail polish remover thinner to remove all electronic parts
Remove the JDM plastic borders ,(they’re the black ones on the edges). Pick up the stainless star screen and scrub with a brush and boraxo cleaner. Apply a thin layer of crisco lard and let sit for a day, then come back with boiling water and rinse off.
You use nail polish remover thinner to remove all electronic parts
U try to use sprit to clean…. With a operation theatre use cotton… Or boiled cotton.. Mns sterilized cotton.. Apply smooth ly
You use nail polish remover thinner to remove all electronic parts
We live and work on an 8 house chicken farm with an average of 250,000 chickens every 7-8 weeks. The owners and the company decided they wanted to bleach the houses because the ammonia levels were too high. The fumes from this are leaking into our house and causing myself and my newborn respiratory problems. What alternative to bleach can I suggest to them that will neutralize the ammonia without giving off toxic fumes?
what kind a feed you guys use for that many chickens ?
Thnx
It’s a late reply but mild fish soap and a pressure washer.
Hot water.
Use Dr.Zyme (NCH life sc.)
Try Stalosan in powder farm, can be blown in with chickens in the house.
Hi Jennifer,
Good question! I’ve sent an email to the author asking him to respond and copied you on the message.
Jennifer E, White Vinegar is a great alternative to bleach
Greetings;
If there has been SE in coop and all birds culled,how long before new birds can come in after thorough cleaning and disinfection? Should we just build another coop?
Hi Margaret,
I’ve sent your question over to the author of the article and copied you on the email.
Great step by step for cleaning my hen house. But I have just noticed mites on my girls. I am going to dust them all with poultry dust after I thoroughly clean the coop. But Will this process kill the lice and mites that are in the coop? I think I’ll be using bleach for the disinfecting part.
Hi Kari,
I would suggest that you contact the author of this article, Dr. Michael J. Darre. He should be able to answer your questions about poultry lice/mites. His contact information can be found at the end of the text.
What about how to clean the chicken run after having salmonella enteritidis?
We have 2 chickens in a coop with a sand floor. A small amount of hay is in their above-ground nest box. We keep almost no hay on the property because we are a program that houses 20 disabled raptors (hawks, falcons, etc.). Hay greatly increases the risk of aspergilloses. We scoop daily and keep the rest of the coop very clean but what is the best way to disinfect the sand? Would wood shavings be a safer alternative than hay?
I always use wood shaving in the egg laying boxes and pine based bedding (aubiose or easichick) on the floor. Hay isn’t recommended for the fungal infection possibility.
Very Informative article. I will definitely follow your advice. Keep sharing such informative things.
We bought a new chicken & put her in the hen house with 30 of our other chickens & within 2 weeks all the chickens had CRI & had stopped laying eggs. We had to cull our whole flock. We disinfected the whole coop, inside & out, feeders, waterers, fences, ground, everthing with bleach (1C to 2 gal of water) How long before we can start a flock & put them in that coop?
Michale, this was interesting learning about how to keep a poultry house clean. Washing everything down seems like a process could take a long time. Is this something you would recommend hiring a professional service for?
I have the same question about how to disinfect a sand floor. In FL. it’s about the only option we have. The chickens do a lot of digging, and quite deep as they’re trying to reach cool spots in the summer. What is the best thing to use on sand where it can’t be dried.
Thank you very much. I hope to hear from him soon. Out of nowhere my flock of 38, with broody hens getting ready to hatch chicks within a weekish, have come down with some sort of respiratory issues. I have put them on antibiotics, vetRX, and the vitamins and probiotics, and they’re getting better but I’m worried about any residual effects and the chicks, especially when it’s impossible to dry sandy soil.
Thanks again!
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How do i disinfect a three step poultry pen built with wood
This was a good simple to follow step by step article and I have used it immediately to clean and disinfect my pen ready for arrival of a new stock. Thanks.
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Thus, apart from the elbow grease, you also need to use the right tools. For instance, it is best to clean mirrors, glass windows, shower stalls, and glass furniture with a microfiber cloth, chamois, or a squeegee rather than a paper towel because the latter is likely to leave behind streaks
i have a sick rooster and hen . and i have put them down. how do i disinfect my coop where the sick chickens are?
Hi Virginia,
It is going to depend on what the chickens were sick with, but as long as you follow the cleaning, washing, nd disinfecting steps listed in the article, you should be fine. You may want to double check with a local vet to be sure.
Dear Dr Michael
What is the best dosage of dilution if we disinfect farm with Chlorine tabelts ( Troclosene sodium) ?
In presence of poultry birds or in vacant shed.
Hi Mirza, thanks for reaching out to Dr. Darre. As he does not work in the Small Farms Program office, you will have to contact him directly with your question. Please email him at michael.darre@uconn.edu or call (860) 486-1008.
Greetings;
If there has been SE in coop and all birds culled,how long before new birds can come in after thorough cleaning and disinfection? Should we just build another coop?
Hi there,
I’d recommend getting in touch with the author of this article. He can be reached at michael.darre@uconn.edu or by phone at (860) 486-1008. Hope this helps!
I would like help with disinfecting my chicken house and grounds following complete removal of a stock that had coryza infection
Hi Chienge,
The author of this article, Dr. Michael J. Darre, might know more about coryza infection. He can be reached at michael.darre@uconn.edu or (860) 486-1008.
please advise on disinfection following removal of chickens infected with coryza
Hi Chienge,
I’d recommend reaching out directly to the author of the article with your question. Michael can be reached at michael.darre@uconn.edu or (860) 486-1008.
This is some really good information about batch sterilizer. It is good to know that there are several ways to clean stockyards. It seems like it would be smart to try to sterilize it somehow. It seems like it would be smart to get an expert to help you out. http://stockamerica.com/batch-sterilizers/
This a nice write on poultry disinfection, this helped me on my assignment.
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How much does it cost to get professional company to wash down average size poultry house?
Thank you , For Giving information About Poultry Disinfection and also what is Poultry and how to Cleaning..
Thanks. I would also want to invest in this business. I need some advise on poultry farming.
Paul
You got my attention when you said that a high-pressure sprayer is good for washing every surface in the building, especially window sills, and wall sills. My father is looking for his barn to be cleaned and disinfected. He said that he does not want his livestock to get sick due to dirt and other issues. I would ask him to shop for disinfectant mats and sprayers.
I want to thanks Cornell Cals for sharing this useful Cleaning guide for poultry farms/houses.
Very much I’m pleased with step to step guide. thanks and keep on.
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It was very informative to know that we should only be doing the process of disinfecting after the whole cleaning process. My wife and I have been thinking of opening our very own poultry shop, and we know nothing about starting a business since this our first time. That being said, thank you for your tips, we’ll make sure to buy excellent equipment such as butchering meat saws, and maintain them regularly.
thanks, for all information you share
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This is an important part of successful farming. Temperature (above 25C) is very important for disinfectants to work efficiently
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how much volume of water needed to clean per square meter of the poultry house?
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Greetings;
If there has been SE in coop and all birds culled,how long before new birds can come in after thorough cleaning and disinfection? Should we just build another coop?
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Great reminder to prevent poultry diseases with a thorough cleaning. As a Best House Buyer in Bakersfield, we know maintenance matters. How often do you recommend disinfecting for larger flocks?
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