Aquaculture

Por ryancloverowens | septiembre 26, 2025

Aquaculture is the controlled raising of aquatic plants and animals through all parts of their life cycle. New York State has a long history of marine and freshwater aquaculture across its aquatic ecosystems, and though much of the state is landlocked, aquaculture operations stretch from the Great Lakes region to Long Island. There are over 35 finfish farms and 50 shellfish farmers across the state, which have generated a total of $8.8 million. The industry is seeing a resurgence today and has significant room to grow.

This fact sheet details the rules and regulations necessary to operate an aquaculture facility and provides resources for further study and support.

In New York’s marine and freshwater environments, aquaculture includes fish, fish products, water plants, and shellfish, all of which are protected under New York’s Right-to-Farm legislation. The State University of New York and Cornell University have worked cooperatively on the research, education, and extension services of the New York Sea Grant (NYSG) program since 1971. NYSG operates eight staff locations across New York State to service all coastal regions.

Aquaculture Permits

All aquaculture facilities across New York state must successfully apply for an aquaculture permit or fish hatchery permit through the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation Division of Marine Resources.

Available licenses include:

On/Off-Bottom Culture Permit – Authorizes the holder to purchase, possess, and sell marine plants and animals, including shellfish, lobster, crab, shrimp, and fish, for on-bottom and off-bottom culture. This includes selling to individual or commercial markets, subject to regulations. The permit costs $100 and expires on December 31 of each year.

Marine Hatchery Permit – Allows the holder to possess, raise, breed, and sell marine plants and animals in a shore-based facility, including sales of products to other permit holders and markets. The permit costs $100, expires on December 31 of each year, and stipulates that applicants under 16 must have the application signed and notarized by a parent or guardian.

Trout and Black Bass Hatchery Permit – Authorizes the operation of a private commercial hatchery for breeding, raising, and selling trout and black bass species. This includes trout species like brook, brown, and rainbow trout, as well as black bass (smallmouth and largemouth). Note: Stocking fish into New York State waters is not permitted. Applicants must provide a facility layout, any necessary fish health certificates, and, if applicable, written permission from the landowner. The license is valid for one year from January 1 to December 31.

Reporting Requirements to Maintain Permits:

Shellfish – Monthly reports must detail all activities, even if no activities occurred.

Black bass – All black bass hatchery license holders must submit an annual report.

Other Species – Specific reporting forms are required for other species such as finfish, crustaceans, and seaweed.

Resources

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