NOTE: For our purpose, import and export will be defined as a transaction between two
\ncountries (as opposed to two places). The destination of the end product may in some cases
\ndetermine the inspections required.<\/p>\n
Import is the act of bringing into a country a commodity from another country or place
\nfor sale or exchange.<\/p>\n
Export is the act of sending a commodity to another country or place for sale or
\nexchange.<\/p>\n
Approximately 33 countries are eligible to export meat, poultry, or eggs to the United States,19
\nand FSIS inspected over 4.3 billion pounds of meat and poultry products in 2018.20 According to
\na report from the Congressional Research Service, for fiscal year 2018, Congress appropriated
\napproximately $1.057 billion to FSIS, of which $943.8 million was for federal food safety
\ninspection and $16.8 million was for international inspections.21<\/p>\n
Under federal law, countries that export meat, poultry, or egg products to the United States must
\nimpose inspection requirements that are equivalent to U.S. requirements.22 Imported meat
\nproducts are to be treated as \u00abdomestic\u00bb product upon entry into the United States.23 All meat
\nproducts imported into the United States must bear the country of origin on the labeling of the
\noriginal container in which they are shipped.<\/p>\n
If an imported meat product is intended to be sold intact, then it must remain in its original
\npackaging (with the country of origin and foreign establishment number on the label) to the point of consumer purchase. For example, canned ham imported from Denmark and sold intact would
\nbear the label \u00abProduct of Denmark.\u201d<\/p>\n
If imported meat is removed from its original container and packaging and is cut or processed in
\nany way in the United States, the resultant product does not need to bear country-of-origin
\nlabeling. For example, ham salad made from imported Danish ham does not need to bear a label
\nidentifying the country of origin of the ham. The labeling requirements for the resultant product
\nare the same as for domestic product.<\/p>\n
In March 2009, the Country of Origin Labeling rule (COOL) went into effect.24 Under COOL,
\nretailers such as supermarkets must provide customers with information about the country of
\norigin of muscle cut and ground chicken, lamb, and goat, as well as other non-meat or poultry
\nproducts.25 As of March 2016, retailers do not need to provide this information for beef and pork
\nmuscle cuts and ground beef and pork.26 For more information on COOL, see Section XII.F
\nCountry of Origin Labeling.<\/p>\n
Additional requirements or prohibitions may be made on the importation of various products into
\nthe United States or export of meat products from the United States to other countries. For
\nexample, meat from cattle being imported from Canada into the United States must be tested for
\nBSE.<\/p>\n
FSIS has written a draft of a compliance guide for importers and others on importing
\nmeat and related products: FSIS, Importing Meat, Poultry, and Egg Products into the
\nUnited States (July 7, 2017), https:\/\/www.fsis.usda.gov\/wps\/wcm\/connect\/415278f6
\n9c67-4641-bf92-8aafb90e2ac0\/Guidance-for-Importing-Meat-Poultry-Egg-Products-into
\nUS.pdf?MOD=AJPERES.<\/p>\n
Detailed requirements in concerning imports and exports are contained in Title 9 of the
\nCode of Federal Regulations. Specifically, see Part 327 (Sections 327.1-.26) (for meat
\nimports), Subpart T of Part 381 (Sections 381.195-.209) (poultry imports), Sections
\n590.900-.970 (imports of egg products), and Part 322 (Sections 322.1-.5) (exports).
\nFSIS has also issued a number of directives to its staff concerning imports and exports.
\nDirectives generally provide instructions to FSIS inspectors. These directives are
\navailable at 9,000 Series: Exports and Imports, FSIS,
\nhttps:\/\/www.fsis.usda.gov\/wps\/portal\/fsis\/topics\/regulations\/directives\/9000-series.
\nFor the specifics of import and export, farmers are encouraged to consult with the New
\nYork State Department of Agriculture and Markets and the USDA.<\/p>\n
If you import food products besides meat, poultry, or eggs from amenable species, certain rules
\nenacted to implement the Food Safety Modernization Act (FSMA) address imports and will be
\nrelevant. In particular, the rule on Foreign Supplier Verification Programs requires food importers to have a program to verify that foreign suppliers are producing food in a safe manner.27 This rule does not apply to imported meat, poultry, or egg products that are under
\nUSDA jurisdiction.28<\/p>\n
For more information, see FSMA Final Rule on Foreign Supplier Verification Programs
\n(FSVP) for Importers of Food for Humans and Animals, FDA,
\nhttps:\/\/www.fda.gov\/food\/food-safety-modernization-act-fsma\/fsma-final-rule-foreign
\nsupplier-verification-programs-fsvp-importers-food-humans-and-animals, and Food
\nSafety Modernization Act (FSMA), FDA, https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/food\/guidance-regulation
\nfood-and-dietary-supplements\/food-safety-modernization-act-fsma.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
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